Edgar Allan Poe (Boston, Estados Unidos, 19 de enero de 1809 – Baltimore, Estados Unidos, 7 de octubre de 1849) Escritor, poeta, crítico y periodista romántico, maestro universal y pionero del relato corto. Recordado por sus cuentos de terror. Inventor del relato policial, tributan sus texto a la ciencia ficción, también.
Bautizado como Edgar Poe en Boston, Massachusetts, sus padres murieron cuando era niño. Criado por John Allan y su esposa, esposos adinerados de Richmond, Virginia, nunca fue adoptado oficialmente. Pasó un curso académico en la Universidad de Virginia y posteriormente se enroló, también por breve tiempo, en el ejército. Sus relaciones con los Allan se rompieron en esa época. Su primer libro (de poemas) es Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827).
BIOgrafía de Edgar Allan Poe (English)
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Edgar Allan Poe (born Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American author, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre. He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
Escribe relatos y crítica literaria para algunos periódicos de la época; celebrado por su estilo cáustico y elegante. En Baltimore, en 1835, contrajo matrimonio con su prima Virginia Clemm, que tenía sólo trece años de edad. En enero de 1845, publicó un poema que le haría célebre: «El cuervo». Su esposa muere de tuberculosis en 1847. El gran sueño del escritor, editar su propio periódico (que iba a llamarse The Stylus), nunca se cumplió.
Murió el 7 de octubre de 1849, en la ciudad de Baltimore, cuando contaba apenas cuarenta años de edad. La causa exacta de su muerte nunca fue aclarada. Se atribuyó al alcohol, a congestión cerebral, cólera, drogas, fallo cardíaco, rabia, suicidio, tuberculosis y otras causas.
Su obra influye mucho en las corrientes artísticas del siglo XIX y XX.
He was born as Edgar Poe in Boston, Massachusetts; he was orphaned young when his mother died shortly after his father abandoned the family. Poe was taken in by John and Frances Allan, of Richmond, Virginia, but they never formally adopted him. He attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money. After enlisting in the Army and later failing as an officer’s cadet at West Point, Poe parted ways with the Allans. His publishing career began humbly, with an anonymous collection of poems, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), credited only to «a Bostonian».
Según Kevin J. Hayes, editor de The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe [Guía de Cambridge para Edgar Allan Poe], «la diversidad artística de aquellos que cayeron bajo el hechizo de Poe indica el alcance de su influencia. Los mejores artistas utilizaron las imaginativas obras de Poe como base para sus teorías estéticas. […] En pocas palabras, los escritos de Poe han promovido la generación artística y estética de una gran variedad de disciplinas creativas».
Poe switched his focus to prose and spent the next several years working for literary journals and periodicals, becoming known for his own style of literary criticism. His work forced him to move among several cities, including Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City. In Baltimore in 1835, he married Virginia Clemm, his 13-year-old cousin. In January 1845 Poe published his poem, «The Raven», to instant success. His wife died of tuberculosis two years after its publication. He began planning to produce his own journal, The Penn (later renamed The Stylus), though he died before it could be produced. On October 7, 1849, at age 40, Poe died in Baltimore; the cause of his death is unknown and has been variously attributed to alcohol, brain congestion, cholera, drugs, heart disease, rabies, suicide, tuberculosis, and other agents.
Según la Enciclopedia Británica: «Su agudo y sólido juicio como comentarista de la literatura contemporánea, la virtud musical y el idealismo de su poesía, la fuerza dramática de sus cuentos, dotes que se le reconocieron ya en vida, le aseguran un puesto destacado entre los hombres de letras más universalmente reconocidos».
Para el poeta francés Stéphane Mallarmé, Poe fue «el dios intelectual» de su siglo.
En una de sus cartas, dejó escrito:
Mi vida ha sido capricho, impulso, pasión, anhelo de la soledad, mofa de las cosas de este mundo; un honesto deseo de futuro.
Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields, such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today. The Mystery Writers of America present an annual award known as the Edgar Award for distinguished work in the mystery genre.
Posted by Ricardo Cuya Vera of Art and Culture TV
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